b'Education matters synchronous with deformation in thea series of monitor surveys during andsecond day of injection and monitored Ruby Gap duplex and Illogwa shear zoneafter injection. Assuming that nothingits evolution over more than a year of between 340 and 310 Ma. We present ain the subsurface has changed exceptmonitoring.model in which an extensional domain,CO 2reservoir properties, a comparison comprising the Entia Dome, and aof baseline and monitor surveys isMonica Jimenez, University of Adelaide: contractional domain, that consists ofsupposed to highlight the presencePost-breakup evolution of the Ceduna Sub-the Arltunga Nappe Complex, are linkedof CO 2 . However, such surveys canbasin and understanding of processes that by a translational domain containinginterfere with other land users andoccur on rifted continental margins.the Bruna dcollement zone and Illogwarequire on-site crew and equipment, shear zone. Our numerical experimentswhich becomes expensive over years show that high horizontal gravitationalor decades of monitoring. These factors stresses, driven by the substantiallimit the frequency of repeat surveys to pressure gradients introduced by theone or a maximum of two per yearand 35 km deep Harts Range rift, lead to thethis may miss critical processes such as convergent gravitational collapse andCO 2leakages or fault re-activations.inversion of the Harts Range rift. ThisThese limitations may be addressed by a initiates the exhumation of the Entiapermanent seismic reservoir monitoring Dome and the sliding of cover sequences(PRM) system with permanent sources forming gravity nappes, isoclinal foldsand receivers, which can track subsurface and the thrust systems that make up thechanges in near real-time over decades. Arltunga Nappe Complex. Permanent sources can be installed on the This thesis introduces new insightssurface or in shallow boreholes. Permanent into the role of gravitational forces,receivers can be buried in trenches or also lithospheric rheology, and the thermalinstalled inside wells. Borehole installations and structural inheritance of rifts inare often preferred as this approach the evolution of fold and thrust belts.minimises the in\x1buence of weather We present the \x1drst example of majorand variable near-surface on sources deformation attributed to contractionaland receivers. Permanent installation gravitational collapse in central Australiaminimises land access requirements, and open new dialogues aboutallows automatisation of the system (crew the tectonic drivers in\x1buencing theis not required), and can be frequent (inUnderstanding the characteristics development and architecture of foldsome casesdaily). However, the mainand evolution of normal growth faults and thrust belts in intracratonic and platePRM limitation is the high installation cost,has proved critical for interpreting margin settings. as a lot of equipment is required to run thethe geological development of delta project in the \x1drst place. systems and the petroleum system Roman Isaenkov, Curtin University:Permanent monitoring is still in itsof sedimentary basins within passive Continuous borehole seismic monitoring ofinfancy, and as such, no standardmargins. In general. normal faults carbon dioxide storage. PRM design exists. This is mainly duecontrol the distribution of sedimentary to the different tasks and differentdeposits, the stratigraphic architecture available equipment each project has.and can provide migration pathways As such, there is no standard way toor traps for \x1buids (e.g., water and automate data acquisition, storagehydrocarbons). The interpretation of and processing - each project can3D seismic surveys has permitted a have some unique new features. Thebetter understanding of fault evolution work of this thesis aimed to developand control the migration of \x1buids. automated data acquisition, storage,However, there are still knowledge processing and interpretation of PRMgaps regarding the variability of data acquired at the CO2CRC Otwaynormal growth faults geometrical Stage 3 project with the main focus onfeatures (length, strike, dip angle and data processing. The work is publisheddisplacement), fault evolution, changes in five publications. in the distribution of sediments near the fault planes, and variation in the risk The thesis describes the acquisitionof fault reactivation and their control on setup, on-site data storage solution,magma \x1bow.processing and assessment of PRMs initial repeatability. The initial dataThis project consists of four chapters Active time-lapse seismic monitoringprocessing compresses the data fromthat detail the structural complexity technology is essential for carbon1.3 TB/day to 500 MB/day, providingof normal growth faults in the Ceduna storage projects due to its abilitygood repeatability over the half-yearSub-basin (Great Australian Bight Basin) to track the CO 2plume evolution inperiod. Later, we improved the initialand provide a detailed interpretation space and time. The standard industrywork\x1bow and presented monitoringof the Ceduna 3D MSS seismic survey, monitoring approach (known as 4Dresults and their comparison withan analysis and discussion of the seismic) is to acquire one 3D seismichigh-lateral-resolution 4D VSP data.normal growth fault complexity in survey before injection (baseline) andWe detected the CO 2plume on theterms of fault evolution, potential 27 PREVIEW DECEMBER 2023'